courage什么意思（discourage什么意思）

英语勇敢和勇气的说法

每个人都有不得不做自己害怕的事情的时候，谈论这件事有很多不同的方式。

当一个人勇敢时，他们表现出勇气bravery。另一个词是courage，与之相关的形容词是courageous。

Police praised the bravery of people who came forward to give evidence.

He showed great courage throughout his illness.

She took the courageous decision to move abroad.

Guts是勇敢的非正式说法。如果我们说某事需要勇气takes guts，我们的意思是你必须勇敢地去做:

It takes guts to stand up to a bullying boss.

当人们在做一些让他们害怕的事情之前试图让自己感到勇敢时，我们可以说他们鼓起勇气(pluck up the courage)或鼓足勇气(screw up the courage)。在英国，而不是美国，英语和荷兰语中，Dutch courage是一个幽默的说法，指喝酒让自己感觉更勇敢:

I’m trying to pluck up my courage to ask him out.

He couldn’t screw up the courage to jump.

He had a quick beer for Dutch courage.

如果有人无所畏惧“fearless”，他们不会感到害怕，而大胆daring或无畏intrepid的人不会害怕尝试新的和可怕的事情:

She is absolutely fearless on the ski slopes.

The hostages were freed in a daring rescue.

Only the most intrepid travellers make it to this part of China.

Bold和valiant都是略带文学色彩的词汇，而plucky则是非正式用语，通常指在不太可能成功的情况下勇敢的人:

She was a bold politician who introduced radical reforms.

He was known as a valiant warrior.

The plucky youngster dragged his mother to safety.

如果某人is man/woman enough去做某事，他们有足够的勇气去做，而如果我们认为某人应该更勇敢，我们可能会告诉他们要man up。同样意思的“woman up”也可以用一种稍微开玩笑的方式来使用:

He wasn’t man enough to admit to his mistake.

You need to man up and take responsibility for your family.

如果某人必须做一些可怕的事情，尤其是需要高度集中注意力并且很容易出错的事情，我们就说他们需要钢铁般的神经“nerves of steel”:

You need nerves of steel to drive on these mountain roads.

英语荷兰